Liquid coating composition.



UNITED STATES PATENT oEEIoE.

ARTHUR L. BROWN, 01? WILKINSBURG, PENNSYLVANIA, ASSIGNOB 'I'OWESTINGHOUSE ELECTRIC AND MANUFACTURING COMPANY, A CORPORATION OFPENNSYLVANIA.

LIQUID COATING COMPOSITION.

No Drawing.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, AR HUR L. BROWN, a citizen of the United States, anda resident of Wilkin'sburg, in the county of Allegheny and State ofPennsylvania, have invented a new and useful Improvement in 'LiquidCoating Compositions, of which the followin is a specification. 4

y invention relates to liquid coating compositions and processes ofproducing eneral use as varnishes and enamels, andparticularly for useas electrical-insulating material.

Numerous attempts have heretofore been made to prepare varnishes andenamels containing phenolic condensation products, .of the general typeof bakelite, associated with the usual drying oils and solvents. Suchattempts have been unsuccessful, however, be-

cause it has been the practice to form a phenolic condensation productby reaction between a'phenolic body and formaldehyde or its equivalentand to add the other ingredicuts of the varnish after the condensationreaction has taken place. Under these conditio the drying oils will notmingle satisfacto y with the condensation products. I

combinedingredients of a phenolic condensation product, such, forexample, as cresol and formaldehyde, and the mixture is-heated, thematerials combine to form a highly eflicient varnish composition.The-reaction which takes place between the phenolic body until most ofthe water has disappeared.

' and the formaldehyde may or may not be the well known bakelitereaction. On acthis reaction up be, homogcneous product Patented Jan.16,1917.

Application filed December 10, 1914. Serial No. 876,437.

is produced which possesses greatly superior properties, 1n comparisonwith the varnishes and enamels heretofore in use.

According to one modification of III present invention, I make use ofcresol, ormaldehyde, Chinese wood oil, (tung oil) and a. varnish driercontaining a lead-manganese resinate and tungate. I have found that asuitable drier for my'purpose is that sold commercially as Tox tungatesolid, which is a mixture of lead-manganese tungate and lead'manganeseresinate. The following is an illustrative example of a method ofcarrying out my process. I have found that the ingredients, proportionsand temperatures therein stated are Well adapted for this purpose and"give excellent results, but I do not desire to be restricted to theiruse. Twelve parts of raw Chinese wood oil and one and one'half parts ofTox'tungate solid drier are heated in an open kettle to 180 190 C. asrapidly as possible and maintained at that temperature for about fifteenminutes. The liquid is then allowed to cool to 100 C.

Four parts of cresol are added and stirred in well with the oil, andfinally three parts of formalin, (a 40% aqueous solution offormaldehyde) are added. The temperature of the mixture is maintained at95-100 C. for one hour, and the liquid is stirred at frequent intervals,in order to avoid bumping which may result from the boiling of the wateradded with the formaldehyde. After one hour, most of the water should beevaporated, which will be indicated by a rise in temperature above 100C. At this point, the heating should'be stopped and the mixture bepermitted to stand for several hours, conveniently over night. After theformaldehyde solution has been added, a reflux air condenser may beattached to the kettle and the temperature maintained at 95--100 C. forone hour. The reflux air condenser is then-removed, and the temperatureis maintained at 95-100 C. for another hour, or

The only object in using a reflux air condenser is to give the mixture alonger treatment with the formaldehyde solution. I find thatsatisfactory results may be obtained without this additional apparatus.

The procedure just described results in a liquid which separates into alayer of clear varnish and a layer of precipitated sedimen't, the lattercontaining most of the tungate-resinate drier. The wood oil has absorbeda portion of the drier, and the remainder, which has reacted with thefor maldehyde present to form an insoluble precipitate, is of no value.The clear liquid is decanted from the precipitated sediment, and heatedslowly to 150 C. Higher heat-- ing should be avoided and the liquidshould be maintained at about 150 C. until the odor of formaldehyde hasdisappeared.

The composition prepared in the manner described above may be combinedwith va rious vehicles, according to the specific use to which thecomposition is to be applied. If a. baking enamel is desired, thevehicle may be naphtha, kerosene or a mixture of equal parts of keroseneand turpentine. I prefer to use either kerosene or thekeroseneturpentine mixture. On account of the fact that the varnish justdescribed contains no hard varnish resins, and may contain unalteredcresol, it does not dry hard in the air without the application of heat.Its best use is therefore found as a baking enamel or varnish. Thismaterial is suited to numerous applications, such as a baking enamel forapplication to metal sheets'and Wire, including copper and aluminumelectrical conductingw-ires and core plates. I have also found that thisvarnish is suitable for application to wood as a baking varnish, andbaked masses of the varnish may alsobe employed in making air-tightseals, such as the vacuum seals employed in electric rectifiers.Numerous other applications of the varnish may readily-be devised bypersons skilled in the art.

While I have set forth my invention by describing a specific process inwhich cresol, formaldehyde and Chinese wood oil are employed, it is tobe understood that my invention is notlimited to the use of thesesubstances but also comprehends the use of all substances which actsimilarly to those specifically mentioned. For example, other dryingoil, suchas linseed oil, may be substituted for Chinese wood oil, andphenolic bodies other than cresol may be used with equally good results.Furthermore, the polymers-and homologues of formaldehyde may besubstituted "for' formaldehyde without departing from the scope of myinvention, and it may sometimes be desirable to select phenolicbodiesand 'dry substances containing "active replaceable methylene groups,

such as hexame'thylene tetramin or the various oxymethylenes, in orderto avoid the use of'aqueoussolutions. In view of the numerousmodifications which may be efi'ected in my process without departingfrom the spirit and scope of my desire that only such limitations beimposed as are indicated in the appended claims.

some

invention, I

I claim as my invention:

1. A liquid coating composition containing a phenolic condensationproduct and a greater portion of a drying oil.

2. A liquid coating composition contain ing a phenolic condensationproduct and an 4. A liquid coating composition containing a phenoliccondensation product, Chinese wood oil' and a drier,

tion than the condensation product.

5. A liquid coating composition containing a phenolic condensationproduct, a drying oil, and a lead-manganese drier.

6. A liquid coating composition containing a phenolic condensationproduct, Chi.- nese wood oil and a lead-manganese drier.

7. A baking enamel containing a phenolic condensation product, a dryingoil, a drier, and kerosene, the drying o1] constituting at least asgreat a proportion of the material as the condensation -product.-

8. A baking enamel containing a phenolic condensation product dissolvedin Chinese wood oil, a drier, and kerosene.

9. -A baking enamel containing a phenolic condensation product, a dryingoil, a. leadmanganese drier and. kerosene.

10. A baking enamel containing a phenolic condensation product, Chinesewood oil,-a lead-manganese drier and kerosene.

11. A baking enamel containing a phenolic condensation product dissolvedin a drying oil, a drier, kerosene and turpentine.

12. A baking enamel containing a phenolic condensation product dissolvedin Chinese wood oil, a drier, kerosene and turpentine. V y

13. A baking enamel containing a phenolic condensation product, a.drying oil, a lead-manganese drier, kerosene and tur-. pentine. 14. Abaking enamel containing a phenolic condensation product, Chinese woodoil, a' lead-manganese drier, kerosene and turpentine.

15. A process of preparing liquid coating compositions that comprisesmixing the ingredients of a phenoliccondensation product with a dryingoiland a'drier, and heating the mixture. 7

16. A process of preparing liquid coating compositions that comprisesheating the uncombined in dients of a phenolic condensation pro not withChinese wood oil and a. drier.

17. A process of preparing liquid coat-' the Chinese wood oil beingpresent in greater propor-' 7 mixture of a phe'nolic1substance, asubstance containin a reactive methylene group, a drying oi and a drier.

18. A process of preparin liquid coating compositions that COIIIPIISGSheating a mixture of a phenolic substance, a substance containing areactive methylene group, Chinese wood oil and a drier.

19. A process of preparing li 'uid coating compositions that compriseseating a mixture of cresol, formalin, a drying oil and a drier.

20. A process of preparing li uid coating compositions that compriseseating a mixture of cresol, formalin, Chinese wood oil and a drier.

21. A process of preparingliquid coating compositions that comprisesheating a mixture of cresol, formalin, a drying oiland a lead-manganesedrier.

22. A procem ofpreparing liquid coating compositions that comprisesheating a mixture of cresol, formalin, Chinese wood oil and alead-manganese drier. 23. A process of preparing 1i uid coatingcompositions that comprises eating a drying oil with a drier ateabout180 C., cooling the mixture to about 100 0., adding a henolic substanceand a formaldehyde-1i rating substance, and maintaining the mixture atabout 100 C. until any water that is present has substantially evaorated.

24. A process of preparin li uid coating compositions that compriseseating a drying oil with a drier at about 180 to evaporated, permittinarate into layers, dec nting the supernatant coo1in the mixture to about100 C., adding a p enolic substance and a for-V maldehyde-liberatingsubstan maintaining themixture at about 100 I until any water that ispresent has substantially e mixture to sep- 'COIIIPOSltIOIIS thatcomprises eating liquid, and heatin it at about 150 C. to ex; pe thefree forma dehyde.

25. A process of preparin liquid coating wood oil with-a drier at about180 to 190 C., cooling the mixture to about 100 C adding cresol andformalin, and maintaining the mixture at about'lOO" C. until any waterthat is present has substantially evaporated.

26. A processof preparing liquid coat ing compositions that comprisesheating Chinese wood oil with a drier at about 180 to 190 C., coolingthe ,mixture to about .100 0., adding cresol and formalin main C. untiltaining the mixture'at about 100 any water that is present hassubstantially evaporated, permitting the mixture to separate intolayers, decanting the supernatant liquid, and heating it atabout 150 C.to ex pel the free formaldehyde.

27. A process of preparing liquid coating compositions. that comprisesheatin substantially 12 parts of raw Chinese woo oil and substantially1% parts of a leadmanganese drier at about 180 to 190 C. for aboutfifteen minutes, cooling the li uid to about 100 C.,'addingsubstantially our parts of cresol and substantially three parts offormalin, maintaining the mixture at a temperature of about 95 to 100.C. for about one hour, allowing the mixture to settle, decanting thesupernatant liquid and heating the same at substantially 150 C. .toexpel the free formaldehyde;

In testimony whereof, I have hereunto subscribed my name this 28th dayof Nov.

i L. BROWN.

Witn:

B. B. Him, M. C. Mnnz.

